![\"old_tenis_photos](\"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/old_tenis_photos-2-186x300.jpg\")
old_tenis_photos (2)<\/p><\/div>\n
Charakteristika hry.<\/strong> Tenis je velmi elegantn\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 hra, kterou mohou hr\u00e1t dva nebo \u010dty\u0159i hr\u00e1\u010di. Ke h\u0159e je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed tenisov\u00e1 raketa, m\u00ed\u010dek, tenisov\u00fd dvorec a s\u00ed\u0165. Hr\u00e1\u010di tenisu mohou b\u00fdt jak\u00e9hokoliv v\u011bku, v\u00fd\u0161ky, v\u00e1hy \u010di pohlav\u00ed. Av\u0161ak na profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni hraj\u00ed mu\u017ei a \u017eeny zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, v\u00fdjimku v\u0161ak tvo\u0159\u00ed turnaje, kde proti sob\u011b ve \u010dty\u0159h\u0159e nastoup\u00ed mu\u017e i \u017eena na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b. T\u00e9to \u010dty\u0159h\u0159e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 “sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159hra”,\u201emix\u201c. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je co nejl\u00e9pe vr\u00e1tit m\u00ed\u010d na soupe\u0159ovu polovinu dvorce tak, aby ho soupe\u0159 v\u016fbec nezahr\u00e1l \u010di nedob\u011bhl, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b aby mu vr\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00ed\u010de d\u011blalo pot\u00ed\u017ee. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi sporty se tenis hraje se st\u0159edn\u00ed intenzitou. Z\u00e1pas m\u016f\u017ee trvat des\u00edtky minut, ale taky klidn\u011b n\u011bkolik hodin. P\u0159i tenisov\u00e9 h\u0159e se rozv\u00edj\u00ed v\u016fle, c\u00edlev\u011bdomost, rychl\u00fd odhad situace, spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed na svoji fyzickou p\u0159ipravenost, taktick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, schopnost dlouh\u00e9ho soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a hlavn\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00ed klid.<\/p>\n Hra.<\/strong> Z\u00edsk\u00e1-li hr\u00e1\u010d bod, je stav 15:0; z\u00edsk\u00e1-li druh\u00fd, je stav 30:0; z\u00edsk\u00e1-li t\u0159et\u00ed, je stav 40:0; z\u00edsk\u00e1-li \u010dtvrt\u00fd bod, vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 hru. Pokud je stav 40:40, tzv. shoda, nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed bod se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako v\u00fdhoda pro toho hr\u00e1\u010de, kter\u00fd jej z\u00edskal. Z\u00edsk\u00e1-li t\u00fd\u017e hr\u00e1\u010d n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed bod, vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 hru. Kdy\u017e jej nez\u00edsk\u00e1, je op\u011bt shoda. Z\u00e1pas se hraje nej\u010dast\u011bji na 2 v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 sady. Organiz\u00e1tor sout\u011b\u017ee v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout jinak, v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pak hr\u00e1\u010d pot\u0159ebuje k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed z\u00edskat sady 3, nap\u0159. mu\u017ei na grandslamov\u00fdch turnaj\u00edch nebo v utk\u00e1n\u00edch Davisova poh\u00e1ru. Hr\u00e1\u010d, kter\u00fd prvn\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1 6 her, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 sadu (nap\u0159. 6:2). Mus\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00edskat nejm\u00e9n\u011b o dv\u011b hry v\u00edce ne\u017e soupe\u0159 (nap\u0159. 8:6). V roce 1965 James Van Alen vymyslel pro zrychlen\u00ed hry tzv. tiebreak. Ten se hraje za stavu 6:6. Hr\u00e1\u010d pot\u0159ebuje z\u00edskat 7 bod\u016f a o dva v\u00edce ne\u017e soupe\u0159 (nap\u0159. 10:8). V\u00edt\u011bz tie-breaku z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 sadu 7:6. Sady bez tie-breaku se hraj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b, a to v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 sad\u011b z\u00e1pasu ur\u010dit\u00fdch turnaj\u016f. C\u00edlem hry je z\u00edskat po\u017eadovan\u00fd po\u010det sad d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e soupe\u0159.<\/p>\n Samotn\u00e1 hra za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pod\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ze zadn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry – baseline. Hr\u00e1\u010d, kter\u00fd pod\u00e1v\u00e1 si rukou nadhod\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dek a ude\u0159\u00ed ho raketou d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e dopadne na zem. Tento m\u00ed\u010dek mus\u00ed um\u00edstit, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017ee pod\u00e1v\u00e1 zprava, do lev\u00e9ho soupe\u0159ova pole pro pod\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dtverec za s\u00edt\u00ed na stran\u011b soupe\u0159e). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chybn\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 pod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed opravn\u00e9 druh\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed. Zm\u011bna pod\u00e1n\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed hry pro jednoho z hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n Pot\u00e9, co bylo provedeno dobr\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed, se hr\u00e1\u010di st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed v \u00faderech, po nich\u017e mus\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dek p\u0159elet\u011bt s\u00ed\u0165 a dopadnout do soupe\u0159ova pole. \u00dadery se opakuj\u00ed, dokud se n\u011bkter\u00e9mu z hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f nepoda\u0159\u00ed zakon\u010dit tzv. v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdm \u00faderem nebo dokud soupe\u0159 neud\u011bl\u00e1 chybu.<\/p>\n Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby ve h\u0159e p\u0159i kter\u00fdch soupe\u0159 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 bod:<\/strong><\/p>\n H\u0159i\u0161t\u011b a vybaven\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n Tenisov\u00fd dvorec<\/strong> m\u00e1 obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fd tvar a rovn\u00fd povrch. Tenisov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b je dlouh\u00e9 23,77 m a \u0161irok\u00e9 8,23 m. Kurt je uprost\u0159ed rozd\u011blen s\u00edt\u00ed zav\u011b\u0161enou ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 0,914 m (m\u011b\u0159eno uprost\u0159ed), na okraji kurtu m\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 v\u00fd\u0161ku 1,07 m. P\u0159i \u010dty\u0159h\u0159e je pro hru vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no postrann\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kurtu. Povrchy kurtu jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich umo\u017e\u0148uje jinou rychlost a v\u00fd\u0161ku odrazu m\u00ed\u010de a t\u00edm i m\u011bn\u00ed styl hry. T\u0159emi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi typy povrch\u016f jsou:<\/p>\n Tenisov\u00e1 raketa<\/strong> mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rovn\u00e1 a tvo\u0159\u00ed ji struny st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b propleten\u00e9 nebo sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 a p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 k r\u00e1mu rakety. Celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka rakety nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 73,66 cm. R\u00e1m rakety nesm\u00ed m\u00edt celkovou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 31,75 cm. Plocha v\u00fdpletu nesm\u00ed m\u00edt celkovou d\u00e9lku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 39,37 cm a celkovou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 29,21 cm.<\/p>\n Tenisov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d<\/strong> mus\u00ed m\u00edt vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrch v\u0161ude stejn\u00fd, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z l\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho potahu a \u017elut\u00e9 barvy. M\u00e1-li \u0161vy, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt bez steh\u016f. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d by m\u011bl m\u00edt odskok vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1,35 m a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1,47 m, pust\u00ed-li se voln\u011b na betonov\u00fd podklad z v\u00fd\u0161e 2,54 m. Mohou se objevit i barevn\u00e9 tr\u00e9ninkov\u00e9 m\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n old_tenis_photos (1)<\/p><\/div>\n Ke zrozen\u00ed tenisu do\u0161lo ji\u017e n\u011bkdy v roce 1858, kdy major Henry Gem, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk sm\u00edr\u010d\u00edho soudu v Birminghamu, a major Walter Clopton Wingfield, \u010dlen sboru \u010destn\u00fdch pr\u016fvodc\u016f panovn\u00edka p\u0159i st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech na dvo\u0159e kr\u00e1lovny Viktorie, ozna\u010dil tr\u00e1vn\u00edk v Edgbastonu ve Warwickshire a dali mu n\u00e1zev tenisov\u00fd dvorec. Ne\u017e byl v nedalek\u00e9m Leamingtonu v roce 1872 vytvo\u0159en prvn\u00ed tenisov\u00fd klub, jedinou hrou obecn\u011b zn\u00e1mou jako tenis bylo to, \u010demu Francouzi \u0159\u00edkali jeu de paume (p\u0159ekl.: doslova hra dlan\u00ed), proto\u017ee se p\u016fvodn\u011b opravdu rukou hr\u00e1la. V Brit\u00e1nii se tomu \u0159\u00edkalo prav\u00fd tenis, ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech tenis na dvorc\u00edch a v Austr\u00e1lii kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd tenis.<\/p>\n Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f lze ov\u0161em ur\u010dit\u00e9 formy tenisu vystopovat ji\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha stalet\u00edmi. Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee podobn\u00fd druh venkovn\u00ed hry existoval ji\u017e v 6. stolet\u00ed n. l. a \u017ee by se jej\u00ed ko\u0159eny daly nal\u00e9zt v Egypt\u011b a Persii. Fakt, \u017ee se prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o t\u00e9to h\u0159e v anglick\u00e9 historii objevuje v c\u00edrkevn\u00edch rukopisech, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti teorii, \u017ee m\u011bl tenis sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek v kl\u00e1\u0161terech opat\u016f \u2013 odtud onen charakteristick\u00fd design halov\u00e9ho tenisov\u00e9ho dvorce se \u0161ikmou st\u0159echou spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed na sloupech kolem t\u0159\u00ed stran a dv\u00ed\u0159ky v jednom rohu.<\/p>\n A\u0165 u\u017e je pravda jak\u00e1koliv, tenis byl ur\u010dit\u011b hrou kr\u00e1lovskou za vl\u00e1dy francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Ludv\u00edka X. (1314-1316) a jeho obliba rychle vzr\u016fstala. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch dvorc\u016f se po\u0159\u00e1daly z\u00e1pasy a s\u00e1zely se velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky na v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n Za zm\u00ednku tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed \u017eena, jm\u00e9nem Margot, kter\u00e1 hr\u00e1la re\u00e1ln\u00fd tenis v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei v roce 1427. Tvrdilo se dokonce, \u017ee v handbalu, z n\u011bho\u017e byl odvozen n\u00e1zev jeu de paume, p\u0159ed\u010dila v\u011bt\u0161inu mu\u017e\u016f. Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o handbalu v Anglii je v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 ho zakazuj\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 jin\u00e9 aktivity, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad lukost\u0159elbu.<\/p>\n Sport se v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neomezoval na Francii a Brit\u00e1nii. B\u011bhem 16. stolet\u00ed byl velice obl\u00edben\u00fd ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Evropy, zejm\u00e9na ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, It\u00e1lii, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a Belgii, a existovaly dvorce roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m N\u011bmecku i po \u00fazem\u00ed, je\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo rakouskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Dvorce existovaly i v Praze a v roce 1866 byl jeden ur\u010dit\u011b i v rusk\u00e9m Sankt Peterburgu. V polovin\u011b sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se hra hr\u00e1la i v New Yorku. V\u00e1\u0161e\u0148, kterou vzbuzovala ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch sv\u011bta, byly zna\u010dn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vysoce emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed italsk\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 Caravaggio se p\u0159i z\u00e1pase v \u0158\u00edm\u011b v roce 1606 \u00fadajn\u011b tak rozzu\u0159il, \u017ee zabil sv\u00e9ho soupe\u0159e a byl nucen uprchnout.<\/p>\n Jak popularita tenisu rostla, podnikatel\u00e9 za\u010dali p\u0159ich\u00e1zet na trh se sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi, m\u00edrn\u011b modifikovan\u00fdmi variantami hry a brzy bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee bude t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st ur\u010dit\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Marylebonsk\u00fd kriketov\u00fd klub ve sv\u00e9m postaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed autority ohledn\u011b raket a re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho tenisu navrhl, \u017ee by jeho tenisov\u00fd v\u00fdbor m\u011bl stanovit univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla pro ve\u0161ker\u00fd tenis. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed se uskute\u010dnilo na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1875 v Lords a nov\u00e1 pravidla byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna 24. kv\u011btna uveden\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n Ta stanovila, \u017ee m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tenisov\u00fd dvorec 30 stop (cca 9,1 m) \u0161irok\u00fd v z\u00e1kladn\u011b (st\u00e1le o t\u0159i stopy, tedy cca 0,9 m del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes) a 78 stop (cca 23,8 m) dlouh\u00fd, co\u017e z\u016fstalo dosud. Linie pod\u00e1n\u00ed byla nar\u00fdsov\u00e1na ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 26 stop (cca 7,9 m) od s\u00edt\u011b nam\u00edsto od z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry. Servis se musel pod\u00e1vat s jednou nohou za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rou a musel dopadnout mezi s\u00ed\u0165 a servisovou \u010d\u00e1ru dvorce diagon\u00e1ln\u011b protilehl\u00e9ho tomu, kde st\u00e1l pod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Podle Wingfieldov\u00fdch origin\u00e1ln\u00edch pravidel byla v\u0161echna pod\u00e1n\u00ed pouze z jedn\u00e9 strany. Toto setk\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e znovu potvrdilo, \u017ee by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u0161echna pravidla stejn\u00e1 pro mu\u017ee i \u017eeny.<\/p>\n T\u0159eba\u017ee byla pravidla schv\u00e1lena v\u0161emi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi, netrvalo dlouho a za\u010daly se k nim p\u0159ipojovat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dodatky. Zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se prov\u00e1d\u011bly, byly tak rychl\u00e9, \u017ee je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, mo\u017en\u00e1 i nemo\u017en\u00e9 dop\u00e1trat se v\u0161ech. Proto z\u016fstaneme u pouh\u00e9ho konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00edm velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm a u tenisu v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm pravidlem je jeho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Zjistit p\u016fvod bodovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e minulost hry samotn\u00e9. Bodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zalo\u017een na \u010dtvrt\u00edch hodiny. V tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je snadn\u00e9 pochopit hodnoty 15 a 30, ale pro\u010d 40? V\u011bt\u0161ina historik\u016f tenisu se klon\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee to p\u016fvodn\u011b bylo 45, \u017ee to v\u0161ak bylo nakonec p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zkr\u00e1ceno na 40.<\/p>\n Tenis (angl. tennis < angl. tenes, tenetz < fr. tenez! = nate, berte, držte! (imperativ pl. slova držet)), označovaný také jako bílý sport, je míčová hra pro 2 nebo 4 hráče. Varianta se 2 hráči je dvouhra, varianta se 4 [klikn\u011bte zde…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Ivan-Lendl-tennis-coach-007-large.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":539,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions\/539"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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![\"old_tenis_photos](\"https:\/\/www.tenisovaskola.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/old_tenis_photos-1-266x300.jpg\")
Zdroje:Wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenis, Adres\u00e1\u0159 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch tenisov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, \u010cesk\u00fd tenisov\u00fd svaz, ATP – Asociace tenisov\u00fdch profesion\u00e1l\u016f (en), WTA – \u017densk\u00e1 tenisov\u00e1 asociace (en), ITF – Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed tenisov\u00e1 federace (en), u\u010debnice tenisu FTVS UK Praha<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"